Course	UNIK4710, UNIK9710
Title	Basics of Semantics
Lecture date	2012/01/27
Lecturer(s), (users)	Josef.Noll
Objective	The objective of this lecture is to explain the principles of Semantic Technologies, including* the elements of semantics* the differences between .rdf, .owl* clarification on expectations towards semantics
Learning outcomes	Having joined this lecture, you Understand the need for semantics can list the basic elements of semantic technologies understand the differences between semantic web and semantic web services Next: Identify semantic technologies for description of the user and his context Next: Describe the difference between ontologies and rules
Pensum (read before)	To do: create a short overview over the topic you would like to work with. The topic should be explained in terms of a "scenario" watch the YouTube videos and prepare a list of questions
References (further info)	References: Trends in the future: http://www.slideshare.net/matthewbuckland/future-web-trends An introduction to the semantic Web: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGg8A2zfWKg And some more fun - Ordering of a Pizza in the future: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNJl9EEcsoE&feature=related Discussions Tagging versus semantics: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olDpQwR8Fhk Video Video for the second lesson: mms://lux.no/unik4710-JN/UNIK-20120127.wmv
Keywords	Semantic Technologies, Tripple Store, RDF, OData, Tags

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Contents 1 Test yourself, answer these questions 2 Fundamentals of Semantics 2.1 Challenges with ontologies 2.2 Summary on Ontologies 2.3 Lecture Notes & Scenarios

Test yourself, answer these questions

• What is the difference among the Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 and Web 3.0?
• What is the Semantic Web?
• Describe the problems in the current web and the vision of the sematic web.
• How would you define the main goals of the Semantic Web?
• What is an ontology?

Fundamentals of Semantics

• .xml relation between subject & object
• .rdf subject, predict, object
• .rdfs vocabulary for properties
• ontologies as data models of a domain
  • describe through rdf or owl
  • owl is more expressive

• Extension of semantics through rules
• Rules might replace ontologies

Challenges with ontologies

• ontologies describe the data on a Web
• very good suited as a knowledge base, e.g. medical history, interworking of medicine, oil drilling
• when using a semantic model in the real world, the challenge is to get changes (updates) to the ontologies. Example: car industry, where cars are produced under the same header with slightly different outfit, where manufacturers change frequently,...

Summary on Ontologies

• cover only limited area (specific area, "swamps of ontologies")
• have a "creation date" (timestamp) in mind
  • upgradability?
  • consistency when upgrading one ontology
• are good for knowledge management
• interface between knowledge management and processes is not clear

Lecture Notes & Scenarios

• see Context-aware_Scenarios#Scenarios
• Media:UNIK4710-L2-v12-LectureNotes.pdf

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